Übung: Deskriptive Statistik in R
Übung: Deskriptive Statistik in R
Generelles zu den Übungen
- Niemand kann alle R-Funktionen auswendig. Daher ist es ganz normal, dass man spickt (z.B. R-Cheat Sheet oder in den Skripten zu den Workshops).
- Alle Aufgaben sind mit den Codes aus den R-Workshops lösbar.
- Wenn du eine Aufgabe nicht auf Anhieb lösen kannst, versuche dir zuerst Hilfe im Internet oder den Unterrichtsmaterialen zu holen. Schaue die Lösung erst an, wenn du mit Google und co. wirklich nicht weiter kommst.
- Fragen zu den Übungen bitte im Forum auf Moodle posten und entsprechend verlinken.
1: Datensatz einlesen
Aufgabe
Für diese Übung brauchst du wieder die Datei caerphilly.csv, welche du auf Moodle findest. Lade den Datensatz herunter und speichere ihn ab. Definiere danach deine Working directory entsprechend und importiere den Datensatz in R.
Lösung
Der Datenimport ist am einfachsten mit library(rio). Beachte, dass der Name zwischen den beiden " " identisch mit jenem der Datei auf deinem Rechner sein muss. Die Working directory muss natürlich auch korrekt definiert sein.
Code
library(rio)
df.cp <- import("caerphilly.csv") # Diese wd() sieht bei dir natürlich anders ausCodebook
Folgende Variablen sind im Datensatz enthalten:
mi= Myocardial infarction (0 = No, 1 = Yes)socclass= Soziale Klasse mit den Levels I, II, IIIM, IIINM, IV, Vdiabetes= Diabetes mit den Levels No/uncertain oder Yessmoking= Raucherstatus mit den LevelsNever smoked,Ex 1-4 years,Ex>5 years,<15 per day,>15 per daytotchol= Totales Cholesterinhdlchol= High-Density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterinbmi= Body Mass Indexbmicat= Body Mass Indes mit den Levels Underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obese
2: Datensatz anschauen
Aufgaben
- Nutze einen einfachen Befehl um zu kontrollieren, ob die Daten richtig eingelesen wurden.
- Wie viele Zeilen und Spalten hat der Datensatz? Was repräsentieren die Zeilen und die Spalten?
- Schau dir die 6. Zeile des Datensatzes an.
- Schau dir die 5. Spalte des Datensatzes an.
- Schau dir die Variable
totcholan. - Welchen totchol-Wert hat die 12. Person?
Lösungen
- Nutze einen einfachen Befehl, um zu kontrollieren, ob die Daten richtig eingelesen wurden.
Es gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten, dies zu tun. Du kannst im Global Environment (oben rechts) auf das kleine Tabellensymbol hinter dem neu erstellten Objekt klicken. Dann öffnet sich eine Tabelle und du hast quasi eine Excel-Ansicht. Mit str() siehst du die einzelnen Variablen, die jeweilige Datenklasse sowie die ersten Werte. Mit head() siehst du die ersten 6 Zeilen des Datensatzes.
Code
str(df.cp)'data.frame': 1786 obs. of 9 variables:
$ id : int 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
$ mi : int 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 ...
$ socclass: chr "IIINM" "IV" "II" "IIINM" ...
$ diabetes: chr "No/uncertain" "No/uncertain" "No/uncertain" "No/uncertain" ...
$ smoking : chr " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" ...
$ totchol : num 4.98 5.58 6.34 6.8 6.04 5.59 4.83 7.7 6.04 7.08 ...
$ hdlchol : num 1.33 0.99 1.92 1.42 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.5 1.5 1.64 ...
$ bmi : num 29.7 29.4 19.7 30.9 26.2 ...
$ bmicat : chr "Overweight" "Overweight" "Underweight" "Obese" ...
Code
head(df.cp) id mi socclass diabetes smoking totchol hdlchol bmi bmicat
1 1 0 IIINM No/uncertain Ex>5 years 4.98 1.33 29.68024 Overweight
2 2 1 IV No/uncertain >15 per day 5.58 0.99 29.36095 Overweight
3 3 0 II No/uncertain Ex>5 years 6.34 1.92 19.73448 Underweight
4 4 1 IIINM No/uncertain Never smoked 6.80 1.42 30.92452 Obese
5 5 0 IIINM No/uncertain >15 per day 6.04 1.16 26.15399 Overweight
6 6 0 IIIM No/uncertain <15 per day 5.59 1.16 24.60821 Normal
- Wie viele Zeilen und Spalten hat der Datensatz? Was repräsentieren die Zeilen und die Spalten?
Code
nrow(df.cp)[1] 1786
Code
ncol(df.cp)[1] 9
Jede Zeile steht für eine Beobachtungseinheit und jede Spalte für eine Variable.
- Schau dir die 6. Zeile des Datensatzes an.
Code
df.cp[6, ] id mi socclass diabetes smoking totchol hdlchol bmi bmicat
6 6 0 IIIM No/uncertain <15 per day 5.59 1.16 24.60821 Normal
- Schau dir die 5. Spalte des Datensatzes an.
Da es viele Werte sind, musst du etwas scrollen…
Code
df.cp[ ,5] [1] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked"
[5] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[9] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[13] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[17] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[21] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years"
[25] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[29] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[33] " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[37] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[41] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[45] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[49] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[53] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[57] "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[61] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[65] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[69] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[73] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[77] "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years"
[81] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[85] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[89] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[93] "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[97] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[101] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[105] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[109] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[113] "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"
[117] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked"
[121] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[125] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[129] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[133] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[137] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[141] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years"
[145] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years"
[149] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"
[153] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[157] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[161] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[165] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[169] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[173] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[177] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked"
[181] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[185] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[189] "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[193] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[197] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[201] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[205] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[209] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[213] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[217] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[221] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years"
[225] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[229] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[233] "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[237] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[241] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[245] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "Never smoked"
[249] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[253] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[257] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[261] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[265] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[269] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[273] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[277] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"
[281] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[285] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[289] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[293] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[297] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years"
[301] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"
[305] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"
[309] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"
[313] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[317] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[321] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years"
[325] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[329] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[333] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[337] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[341] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[345] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[349] "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[353] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[357] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[361] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[365] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "Never smoked"
[369] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[373] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[377] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[381] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[385] "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[389] " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[393] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[397] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[401] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[405] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[409] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"
[413] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[417] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"
[421] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"
[425] ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[429] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"
[433] "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[437] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[441] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[445] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years"
[449] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[453] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[457] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[461] "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[465] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[469] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[473] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[477] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[481] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[485] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked"
[489] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[493] "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"
[497] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[501] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[505] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[509] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[513] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[517] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[521] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[525] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"
[529] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[533] " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked"
[537] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[541] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked"
[545] "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[549] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[553] ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[557] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[561] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[565] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years"
[569] "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[573] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[577] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[581] "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[585] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[589] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[593] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"
[597] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[601] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[605] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[609] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[613] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[617] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[621] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[625] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[629] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[633] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[637] " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[641] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[645] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[649] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"
[653] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[657] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[661] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"
[665] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[669] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[673] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[677] ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[681] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[685] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "Ex 1-4 years"
[689] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked"
[693] "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[697] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[701] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[705] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[709] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[713] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[717] ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[721] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[725] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[729] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[733] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked"
[737] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[741] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[745] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[749] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[753] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[757] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[761] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years"
[765] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[769] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[773] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[777] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[781] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[785] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[789] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[793] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"
[797] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[801] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[805] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[809] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[813] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[817] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years"
[821] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[825] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"
[829] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[833] "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[837] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[841] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[845] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[849] "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[853] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[857] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[861] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[865] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[869] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[873] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"
[877] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[881] " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "Ex 1-4 years"
[885] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[889] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[893] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[897] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years"
[901] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[905] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[909] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[913] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[917] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[921] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[925] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[929] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "Never smoked"
[933] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[937] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"
[941] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[945] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[949] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[953] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[957] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[961] " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[965] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[969] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[973] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[977] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[981] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[985] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[989] " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[993] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[997] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1001] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1005] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1009] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1013] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1017] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[1021] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked"
[1025] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[1029] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1033] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1037] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1041] "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1045] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[1049] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"
[1053] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked"
[1057] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[1061] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1065] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1069] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1073] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"
[1077] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1081] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[1085] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years"
[1089] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1093] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1097] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1101] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1105] "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1109] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1113] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1117] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[1121] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1125] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1129] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[1133] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1137] "Ex 1-4 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1141] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[1145] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[1149] "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1153] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked"
[1157] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1161] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1165] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1169] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1173] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years"
[1177] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1181] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1185] ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[1189] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1193] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1197] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[1201] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked"
[1205] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1209] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1213] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked"
[1217] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[1221] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1225] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[1229] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[1233] "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked"
[1237] "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1241] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1245] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1249] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[1253] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[1257] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[1261] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1265] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"
[1269] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1273] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1277] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1281] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1285] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1289] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[1293] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1297] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[1301] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[1305] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1309] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "Never smoked"
[1313] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1317] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1321] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1325] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1329] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1333] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked"
[1337] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1341] "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years"
[1345] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1349] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1353] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1357] "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[1361] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"
[1365] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1369] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "Never smoked"
[1373] " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1377] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[1381] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[1385] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[1389] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[1393] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1397] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1401] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[1405] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1409] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1413] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1417] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1421] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1425] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[1429] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1433] "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[1437] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1441] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1445] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1449] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1453] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1457] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1461] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[1465] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1469] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1473] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1477] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years"
[1481] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1485] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[1489] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1493] "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[1497] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1501] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1505] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1509] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years"
[1513] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1517] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[1521] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1525] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1529] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"
[1533] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[1537] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[1541] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1545] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"
[1549] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1553] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1557] "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1561] " Ex>5 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1565] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1569] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1573] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1577] "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1581] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1585] "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1589] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[1593] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1597] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1601] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1605] ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1609] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years"
[1613] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1617] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1621] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1625] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1629] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[1633] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1637] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1641] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1645] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1649] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
[1653] "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[1657] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years"
[1661] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1665] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1669] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked"
[1673] " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[1677] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1681] ">15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1685] "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1689] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1693] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1697] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1701] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"
[1705] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day"
[1709] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1713] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[1717] ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"
[1721] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "<15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1725] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years"
[1729] " Ex>5 years" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[1733] " Ex>5 years" "<15 per day" "<15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1737] "Never smoked" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[1741] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"
[1745] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[1749] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years"
[1753] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "Never smoked"
[1757] "<15 per day" "<15 per day" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[1761] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"
[1765] "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"
[1769] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1773] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1777] ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" ">15 per day"
[1781] "Never smoked" ">15 per day" ">15 per day" "<15 per day"
[1785] " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day"
- Schau dir die Variable
totcholan.
Da es viele Werte sind, musst du etwas scrollen…
Code
df.cp$totchol [1] 4.98 5.58 6.34 6.80 6.04 5.59 4.83 7.70 6.04 7.08 5.13 6.41
[13] 6.04 5.13 4.98 6.87 5.96 5.29 4.83 6.11 5.96 6.19 6.70 4.53
[25] 5.29 5.06 6.70 6.04 5.36 5.74 4.38 5.96 10.06 5.66 5.13 6.80
[37] 6.49 8.31 4.38 6.34 6.95 6.41 6.19 5.06 6.49 4.83 7.10 5.89
[49] 6.04 5.44 5.74 4.53 4.78 5.29 6.64 7.00 5.89 4.91 7.59 6.40
[61] 6.34 5.06 6.49 6.04 6.64 3.87 1.96 6.19 6.49 4.98 6.04 6.19
[73] 3.02 7.89 5.13 5.74 4.83 6.95 5.44 6.19 5.13 5.88 6.80 6.41
[85] 6.64 6.18 5.13 7.40 7.78 5.81 6.34 6.19 5.59 7.47 7.10 5.88
[97] 6.56 6.04 5.13 7.40 4.08 4.98 5.29 4.23 7.25 5.44 4.46 8.05
[109] 5.43 5.29 5.21 4.83 7.89 5.13 5.44 5.59 4.83 6.80 5.89 5.74
[121] 6.65 5.13 5.74 4.83 6.95 7.75 7.97 5.29 6.11 6.42 5.59 7.02
[133] 6.95 6.34 7.00 6.85 4.83 8.19 8.91 8.46 4.98 5.74 5.66 6.95
[145] 5.96 5.13 5.89 4.98 5.29 4.75 4.98 6.64 6.34 5.89 5.06 6.93
[157] 4.98 10.30 5.21 6.50 4.68 4.38 5.81 5.29 5.36 5.36 5.36 3.72
[169] 5.51 6.11 6.03 7.10 5.29 7.40 7.75 6.10 5.29 4.61 6.19 4.53
[181] 4.10 4.68 6.64 5.29 5.06 4.98 6.49 4.83 4.68 5.96 6.04 5.06
[193] 5.66 4.92 3.87 6.50 5.59 5.81 6.25 5.59 7.55 6.04 4.23 5.29
[205] 6.95 4.53 5.81 5.89 4.60 6.11 5.43 9.68 3.55 5.74 6.04 5.74
[217] 6.56 6.04 5.44 6.33 5.74 6.04 4.38 10.42 4.68 6.04 6.19 4.95
[229] 5.73 5.74 5.50 6.26 5.51 7.75 6.64 6.40 4.98 6.10 6.34 7.25
[241] 4.98 5.59 7.10 7.70 5.51 7.30 5.88 6.70 6.80 4.68 7.70 6.85
[253] 8.15 6.04 7.40 5.29 5.74 5.81 4.83 5.29 6.79 7.60 5.59 4.83
[265] 6.19 7.25 4.38 6.80 8.31 5.51 6.34 7.97 5.29 4.62 8.19 5.29
[277] 5.81 6.56 7.75 6.41 6.04 5.29 4.83 5.44 6.49 4.30 8.15 7.74
[289] 5.13 5.74 6.19 7.59 7.10 5.44 6.80 5.29 4.68 5.29 6.34 3.78
[301] 6.19 6.20 7.10 8.15 5.89 7.70 5.51 7.25 5.81 4.83 5.88 8.15
[313] 5.21 6.95 5.29 4.98 6.49 5.44 8.90 4.53 7.75 4.76 6.64 4.23
[325] 5.44 8.46 5.13 6.04 6.04 4.98 4.98 4.98 5.74 4.53 5.13 5.59
[337] 5.51 4.83 5.89 6.80 5.89 9.38 4.98 6.34 4.23 4.83 4.98 6.04
[349] 4.38 7.37 6.04 7.25 6.04 6.19 6.80 4.61 5.74 6.04 3.47 5.51
[361] 5.89 7.15 4.83 5.29 4.68 5.74 5.89 7.10 7.63 7.00 5.74 6.63
[373] 5.36 8.04 7.00 5.66 5.29 5.74 5.89 5.96 5.66 4.76 5.89 4.00
[385] 4.77 6.04 4.83 7.40 7.40 6.57 6.64 6.04 7.00 4.83 6.34 6.03
[397] 5.66 5.59 6.34 6.70 4.92 3.93 4.83 6.19 6.34 6.64 6.34 6.19
[409] 5.29 4.83 6.49 6.04 5.89 6.49 4.83 6.04 6.19 5.44 8.46 5.89
[421] 4.30 4.53 4.47 7.10 6.95 3.93 5.74 5.89 5.13 6.56 6.80 6.34
[433] 6.23 5.59 6.95 5.88 4.98 4.17 7.55 4.53 7.75 6.49 4.23 6.04
[445] 6.71 6.26 6.64 6.95 5.74 4.91 6.19 8.46 8.31 5.44 4.83 13.00
[457] 5.13 6.80 5.89 7.70 6.26 5.44 6.04 6.10 6.70 4.98 5.28 5.74
[469] 4.68 4.30 5.59 7.40 8.15 4.08 5.13 4.98 6.04 5.36 5.51 5.44
[481] 5.44 6.34 4.98 5.74 4.47 6.49 5.59 5.74 6.14 5.29 6.49 3.77
[493] 8.00 2.87 5.59 5.66 4.47 6.80 5.51 5.89 5.22 6.49 5.36 4.98
[505] 4.83 7.10 5.13 7.40 6.34 7.02 7.08 4.38 4.83 5.29 5.36 5.59
[517] 7.70 6.49 5.59 7.85 6.19 5.58 4.98 5.29 5.74 5.13 8.64 6.80
[529] 7.40 7.59 5.29 5.89 5.66 6.12 4.23 4.92 3.02 4.38 4.98 6.34
[541] 7.60 5.59 5.13 5.22 8.15 7.08 5.29 3.25 4.23 5.59 5.13 4.61
[553] 5.59 9.82 5.51 5.44 6.64 5.21 6.95 7.70 7.40 5.89 4.17 5.29
[565] 5.66 7.45 5.44 4.60 4.98 5.36 8.34 5.29 6.64 5.13 5.13 6.49
[577] 4.08 3.02 5.59 7.97 5.89 6.04 7.52 7.10 4.38 5.74 6.49 5.73
[589] 5.89 4.98 5.66 9.21 4.98 4.23 4.83 7.85 6.34 6.04 7.30 6.19
[601] 7.10 4.98 4.77 4.92 6.95 4.84 4.98 7.55 7.30 6.49 4.83 6.19
[613] 5.29 4.83 6.19 6.57 4.99 6.34 5.44 6.41 7.30 5.59 6.19 5.51
[625] 6.34 6.19 6.95 4.75 6.19 4.69 4.53 6.19 4.08 3.87 5.44 4.53
[637] 5.89 3.93 6.49 6.95 6.80 6.49 5.89 4.23 4.98 8.00 6.04 6.11
[649] 6.19 8.31 6.80 8.72 6.19 6.04 4.38 6.04 6.19 6.80 5.36 7.10
[661] 6.56 6.04 6.64 6.64 7.75 5.89 6.49 7.25 5.74 5.06 4.98 5.89
[673] 3.62 6.26 5.59 5.29 4.38 7.15 5.89 6.49 5.81 6.55 7.10 6.85
[685] 7.10 8.19 6.49 4.98 6.04 6.95 8.15 5.66 4.61 5.74 6.95 4.92
[697] 4.47 5.29 7.25 6.19 5.96 4.83 7.25 5.74 6.04 5.06 7.10 6.95
[709] 7.74 6.19 4.08 5.29 5.36 5.74 4.53 6.49 6.49 5.88 7.93 5.74
[721] 4.76 4.47 6.34 6.34 7.30 5.44 6.49 4.23 5.29 4.23 5.96 5.81
[733] 6.64 6.27 6.80 7.52 4.53 6.26 5.29 6.95 4.83 5.29 7.10 6.04
[745] 5.74 4.98 5.58 5.59 3.78 5.89 6.95 7.55 4.91 4.83 4.30 4.53
[757] 6.41 7.37 5.44 4.98 6.48 4.38 6.95 7.25 5.74 5.59 5.13 6.49
[769] 6.19 5.29 5.66 6.19 6.78 4.68 6.19 4.77 7.55 4.17 5.13 5.44
[781] 6.34 4.83 6.56 6.19 5.66 6.34 4.08 5.13 8.46 6.34 5.44 6.34
[793] 7.30 5.14 4.98 5.29 5.13 6.04 6.85 6.85 4.92 4.98 6.57 6.95
[805] 6.04 5.13 6.57 5.59 4.90 7.40 9.06 5.74 5.13 4.53 5.13 5.44
[817] 6.27 8.00 4.15 4.83 5.36 5.44 4.99 5.66 6.19 5.29 6.27 7.10
[829] 5.59 3.62 4.83 6.19 7.10 6.80 6.19 7.30 5.59 4.08 4.99 7.52
[841] 6.80 6.95 5.89 6.19 6.03 4.83 6.95 8.00 7.24 5.13 8.31 6.49
[853] 4.83 6.04 6.64 4.08 5.44 6.03 4.53 5.22 5.29 7.15 6.04 5.51
[865] 6.19 6.49 4.98 5.96 7.40 6.64 6.27 8.15 4.22 4.98 4.08 7.89
[877] 5.89 4.98 5.44 7.00 7.55 5.59 6.04 8.34 4.61 8.05 4.91 6.80
[889] 5.89 5.29 5.13 5.44 7.97 7.45 5.89 6.56 6.19 4.68 6.49 6.11
[901] 4.91 6.34 5.89 8.49 4.76 4.38 4.98 5.44 4.98 7.37 5.74 6.34
[913] 5.51 5.59 7.09 6.34 5.21 5.36 5.44 10.27 4.83 4.62 7.25 6.64
[925] 5.29 5.44 8.19 5.73 4.83 4.53 6.64 6.80 5.44 4.98 8.00 5.44
[937] 5.07 8.00 5.81 5.96 5.89 5.13 9.06 5.13 5.13 7.45 7.70 5.81
[949] 7.25 4.98 7.00 5.44 8.00 4.83 8.61 6.95 6.19 7.25 6.64 5.89
[961] 7.40 6.80 6.34 7.55 4.70 5.13 5.13 6.04 8.86 5.29 6.19 5.44
[973] 5.13 5.21 7.85 6.64 5.81 5.29 8.19 5.89 6.19 4.83 6.19 5.89
[985] 5.89 6.49 6.64 6.64 6.49 7.70 4.15 4.53 5.66 7.70 9.36 5.97
[997] 5.89 7.55 6.34 7.55 4.98 5.13 5.13 4.47 2.26 7.59 5.51 6.55
[1009] 5.59 6.04 4.91 5.95 5.13 5.74 7.39 4.83 6.49 5.81 5.29 7.25
[1021] 5.44 4.68 4.53 7.47 4.83 5.89 5.66 4.83 5.59 5.66 5.59 6.19
[1033] 6.04 5.29 7.25 7.55 5.13 4.53 5.29 3.93 6.19 7.10 6.34 7.10
[1045] 6.04 7.10 5.44 5.21 7.25 5.74 5.13 3.32 8.46 6.80 4.92 7.25
[1057] 5.74 5.66 8.46 4.15 7.40 4.98 6.26 6.70 6.80 3.47 4.40 6.49
[1069] 5.07 6.95 4.38 3.87 6.79 5.59 6.04 4.23 6.03 5.13 5.74 5.29
[1081] 5.74 6.04 5.51 8.00 3.73 6.04 6.34 6.04 4.53 5.44 5.44 9.21
[1093] 6.11 6.04 7.10 9.06 3.93 5.89 5.96 4.53 4.83 5.21 5.13 5.89
[1105] 5.13 6.49 5.59 6.85 4.38 4.08 5.44 5.13 5.59 7.59 3.79 7.85
[1117] 6.49 6.34 4.62 6.34 6.19 7.70 4.53 7.30 5.74 5.74 4.83 6.80
[1129] 7.25 6.42 5.36 4.98 5.51 4.53 7.67 4.98 5.59 6.04 5.07 6.34
[1141] 6.34 5.74 5.13 5.44 7.25 4.83 4.83 5.74 5.44 4.99 4.38 5.22
[1153] 5.89 5.29 4.91 5.89 7.10 5.74 6.48 8.00 5.13 6.19 6.34 7.40
[1165] 5.21 5.59 5.96 5.59 5.29 6.56 6.25 6.34 4.32 7.40 5.13 7.10
[1177] 4.76 6.04 5.29 7.10 7.97 7.47 5.51 5.74 5.29 7.59 6.64 5.21
[1189] 8.00 4.98 6.95 6.04 5.59 5.26 4.23 5.74 4.38 5.44 3.72 5.59
[1201] 5.13 6.34 5.74 5.59 4.90 3.78 5.88 6.95 4.08 6.04 6.95 5.74
[1213] 5.29 5.44 5.59 5.29 7.70 4.68 5.13 8.91 7.30 6.70 4.83 6.64
[1225] 5.81 8.19 4.08 5.44 6.34 5.74 6.19 4.30 5.89 4.00 7.45 7.15
[1237] 5.44 6.64 8.00 5.74 9.08 7.25 5.89 6.79 5.89 7.25 4.99 4.90
[1249] 4.23 3.58 4.68 4.38 5.51 4.98 6.10 6.80 5.66 5.44 6.40 6.04
[1261] 4.98 5.66 5.44 5.51 5.59 3.62 6.34 5.13 3.47 5.29 7.55 5.66
[1273] 4.28 8.46 5.66 3.10 5.74 7.15 5.74 7.23 4.98 7.09 5.29 6.80
[1285] 6.49 6.19 5.13 6.49 5.89 4.17 5.30 6.95 6.50 7.39 5.13 6.11
[1297] 6.04 4.68 7.10 4.88 6.41 5.96 4.23 5.44 5.68 7.40 4.45 5.44
[1309] 6.95 5.51 5.59 5.44 6.19 5.89 4.98 6.04 5.81 5.06 9.20 5.44
[1321] 5.89 5.74 8.49 5.30 6.34 6.19 8.61 6.64 4.53 6.64 5.74 5.89
[1333] 6.95 5.66 5.06 4.89 7.30 5.29 6.85 4.68 6.64 5.13 4.61 5.13
[1345] 4.38 6.95 5.59 5.29 6.04 3.47 5.66 4.53 5.36 7.40 6.95 6.04
[1357] 6.70 5.81 6.19 5.74 5.51 6.42 5.51 6.04 7.40 6.34 5.44 5.89
[1369] 5.89 5.44 5.13 6.34 4.98 5.89 6.49 5.29 5.44 6.95 5.59 5.59
[1381] 5.58 5.13 6.19 5.13 4.98 6.04 7.70 5.59 5.29 6.64 5.29 5.29
[1393] 4.38 6.34 6.41 7.25 4.32 6.34 5.44 5.44 5.89 6.87 8.34 4.68
[1405] 6.56 6.10 5.89 4.83 5.44 7.75 5.13 6.49 5.36 5.44 8.46 4.38
[1417] 5.58 8.91 6.80 6.95 4.53 5.13 6.70 8.34 6.64 4.53 5.96 5.59
[1429] 7.00 7.00 5.59 5.29 5.29 7.55 4.38 6.80 6.49 5.74 5.74 3.62
[1441] 7.30 7.15 5.13 5.13 6.34 6.64 7.15 5.36 7.70 6.64 4.00 4.84
[1453] 4.68 7.70 5.59 4.38 5.29 8.19 4.08 6.41 5.13 4.07 5.81 5.66
[1465] 4.91 5.89 3.93 7.52 5.29 6.49 6.64 4.08 5.36 6.79 4.98 6.95
[1477] 7.47 7.30 6.18 6.34 6.80 5.29 4.68 4.38 6.80 6.80 5.51 8.00
[1489] 6.50 7.25 4.45 5.89 6.04 5.51 4.68 5.74 6.64 6.49 7.55 5.21
[1501] 7.40 6.10 5.13 5.21 5.44 5.29 5.29 4.83 5.89 6.18 6.04 5.96
[1513] 5.66 4.45 5.51 6.49 4.98 3.93 6.49 6.04 5.29 5.29 7.25 5.59
[1525] 9.06 6.64 6.49 5.81 4.38 4.53 5.13 5.59 4.98 5.29 4.98 6.49
[1537] 5.29 3.47 5.89 3.44 5.13 5.29 3.92 4.76 6.49 5.74 6.04 4.45
[1549] 9.09 4.83 6.41 5.96 6.95 5.51 6.64 6.95 6.19 9.08 6.56 4.38
[1561] 7.02 5.74 5.59 5.96 6.11 5.44 4.02 4.98 7.00 4.77 5.59 4.68
[1573] 5.88 6.04 6.95 4.98 4.83 4.83 6.64 5.44 4.23 6.34 5.59 6.64
[1585] 5.44 7.70 4.84 7.85 4.83 4.53 4.68 6.04 6.19 3.93 6.95 8.31
[1597] 5.13 5.44 6.34 4.23 5.05 7.55 5.74 6.50 5.29 5.59 6.19 4.98
[1609] 5.80 3.93 5.44 4.98 5.06 6.04 6.12 5.51 8.15 6.64 6.95 5.89
[1621] 6.04 6.49 7.40 6.49 6.19 6.64 6.64 5.44 5.74 5.88 7.40 6.04
[1633] 7.25 4.23 5.29 4.83 4.68 4.84 6.04 5.29 6.04 6.27 5.59 4.38
[1645] 5.96 5.59 6.26 6.27 5.29 7.37 5.13 6.95 9.39 6.80 6.19 3.93
[1657] 5.81 4.30 5.44 6.64 5.59 4.83 5.36 6.26 5.29 6.10 6.12 5.89
[1669] 4.84 5.30 6.49 6.80 4.32 5.29 6.64 6.49 4.53 4.23 3.78 6.80
[1681] 5.74 6.64 8.31 6.95 6.85 8.31 6.95 5.89 5.13 5.89 4.53 4.61
[1693] 5.59 5.13 5.66 8.04 7.55 6.34 5.13 6.64 6.71 5.74 5.81 7.37
[1705] 7.55 6.80 6.04 7.97 4.68 8.31 6.04 6.40 6.95 4.68 7.30 6.55
[1717] 4.91 5.74 5.13 5.74 5.21 5.36 7.10 5.13 6.19 4.53 4.87 6.11
[1729] 7.55 3.85 6.33 6.79 5.13 6.64 6.19 6.49 5.74 7.25 6.95 4.98
[1741] 5.29 6.19 5.74 6.04 4.84 6.34 6.25 8.34 6.80 6.80 4.68 4.98
[1753] 5.74 5.29 5.96 5.81 10.58 5.59 6.95 6.04 4.98 5.21 4.30 5.81
[1765] 6.25 5.44 6.64 6.04 5.66 7.00 6.41 6.19 5.13 7.85 5.89 6.04
[1777] 3.78 5.89 4.99 5.13 5.74 5.96 6.70 5.89 5.74 6.64
- Welchen totchol-Wert hat die 12. Person?
Code
df.cp$totchol[12][1] 6.41
3: Erstellen neuer Variablen
Aufgaben
- Was ist der relative Anteil des HDL Cholesterins am totalen Cholesterin? Speichere das Resultat in einer neuen Variable mit dem Namen
hdlchol_rel. Füge die Variable anschliessend dem Datensatz hinzu. - Was ist der grösste und der kleinste Wert der Variable
hdlchol_rel?
Lösung
- Die Berechnung kann auf ganze Vektoren angewendet werden. Das Resultat wird dann in einem neuen Objekt abgespeichert und anschliessend dem Datensatz hinzugefügt.
Code
hdlchol_rel <- df.cp$hdlchol / df.cp$totchol # neue Variable berechnen
df.cp$hdlchol_rel <- hdlchol_rel # neue Variable hinzufügen
df.cp$hdlchol_rel <- df.cp$hdlchol / df.cp$totchol # Die beiden oberen Schritte kombiniert ;-)- Was ist der grösste und der kleinste Wert der Variable
hdlchol_rel?
Code
max(df.cp$hdlchol_rel)[1] 0.8245033
Code
min(df.cp$hdlchol_rel)[1] 0.01230769
4: Häufigkeitsverteilungen
Aufgaben
- Stelle die Verteilung der Variable
hdlchol_relals Histogramm dar. - Stelle die Verteilung der Variable
hdlchol_relals Boxplot dar. - Wie viele Personen hatten einen Herzinfarkt (Variable
mi)? - Aktuell ist die Variable
minicht als Faktor hinterlegt sondern mit 0 und 1 codiert. Mache aus der Variable einen Faktor mit den AusprägungsgeradenNoundYes. Wie viele Personen haben einNo? - Visualisiere die Häufigkeitsverteilung der Herzinfarkte mit einem Balkendiagramm.
- Wie ist die relative Verteilung der Variable
smoking?
Lösungen
- Stelle die Verteilung der Variable
hdlchol_relals Histogramm dar.
Code
hist(df.cp$hdlchol_rel)
- Stelle die Verteilung der Variable
hdlchol_relals Boxplot dar.
Code
boxplot(df.cp$hdlchol_rel) # mit range = 0 werden die Ausreisser nicht separat dargestellt
- Wie viele Personen hatten einen Herzinfarkt (Variable
mi)?
Code
table(df.cp$mi) 0 1
1438 348
- Aktuell ist die Variable
minicht als Faktor hinterlegt sondern mit 0 und 1 codiert. Mache aus der Variable einen Faktor mit den AusprägungsgeradenNoundYes. Wie viele Personen haben einNo?
Beachte, dass jetzt oben No und Yes steht und nicht mehr 0 und 1. Dies aufgrund der Umwandlung in einen Faktor.
Code
df.cp$mi <- factor(df.cp$mi, levels = c(0,1), labels = c("No", "Yes"))
table(df.cp$mi) No Yes
1438 348
- Visualisiere die Häufigkeitsverteilung der Herzinfarkte mit einem Balkendiagramm.
Code
barplot(table(df.cp$mi))
- Wie ist die relative Verteilung der Variable
smoking?
Code
table(df.cp$smoking)/sum(table(df.cp$smoking)) # das n wird hier als Summe aller Kategorien berechnet Ex>5 years <15 per day >15 per day Ex 1-4 years Never smoked
0.20212766 0.24860022 0.30571109 0.07838746 0.16517357
5: Masse der Lage und Masse der Streuung
Aufgaben
- Was ist der durchschnittliche Body Mass Index?
- Unterscheiden sich Mittelwert und Median des BMI’s?
- Lass dir die Quartile des BMI’s anzeigen.
- Was ist das 95. Quantil des BMI’s?
- Wie gross ist die Standardabweichung für die Variable BMI?
- Berechne die Standardabweichung ohne die Funktion
sd() - Stimmt es, dass $Varianz = Standardabweichung^2$ ?
Lösungen
- Was ist der durchschnittliche Body Mass Index?
Code
mean(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE) # Das na.rm = TRUE braucht man, wenn es fehlende Werte im Datensatz hat[1] 26.2165
- Unterscheiden sich Mittelwert und Median des BMI’s?
ja, um 0.09077536
Code
mean(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE) - median(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE)[1] 0.09077536
- Lass dir die Quartile des BMI’s anzeigen.
Code
quantile(df.cp$bmi, probs = c(0,0.25, 0.5, 0.75,1)) 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
16.72293 23.94819 26.12572 28.28088 49.91735
- Was ist das 95. Quantil des BMI’s?
Code
quantile(df.cp$bmi, probs = .95) 95%
31.97515
- Wie gross ist die Standardabweichung für die Variable BMI?
Code
sd(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE)[1] 3.619247
- Berechne die Standardabweichung ohne die Funktion
sd()
Code
n <- nrow(df.cp)
mittelwert <- mean(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE)
diff <- df.cp$bmi - mittelwert
Varianz <- sum(diff^2)/(n-1)
Standardabweichung <- sqrt(Varianz)
Standardabweichung[1] 3.619247
- Stimmt es, dass $Varianz = Standardabweichung^2$ ?
Ja, das stimmt:
Code
var(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE)[1] 13.09895
Code
sd(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE)^2[1] 13.09895
6: Masse der Lage und Masse der Streuung
Aufgabe
Wiederhole die Schritte 1 bis 5 von Aufgabe 5, jedoch separat für Personen mit und ohne Herzinfarkt.
Lösung
Es gibt verschiedene Methode, wie man Variablen nach Gruppen analysieren kann. Hier werden drei verschiedene Möglichkeiten gezeigt.
- Ohne die Verwendung einer zusätzlichen Funktion (hier am Beispiel des Mittelwertes)
Code
mean(df.cp$bmi[df.cp$mi == "No"], na.rm = TRUE)[1] 26.08294
Code
mean(df.cp$bmi[df.cp$mi == "Yes"], na.rm = TRUE)[1] 26.76839
- Durch die Erstellung eines Subsets mit der
subset()Funktion (siehe?subset). Hier am Beispiel des Medians.
Code
df.mi <- subset(df.cp, mi == "Yes")
df.no.mi <- subset(df.cp, mi == "No")
median(df.mi$bmi)[1] 26.54083
Code
median(df.no.mi$bmi)[1] 25.99897
- Für die besonders Interessierten bietet das Tidyverse-Package sehr attraktive Funktionen. Hier am Beispiel der Quantile.
Code
library(tidyverse)
library(kableExtra) # for nice tables
df.cp %>%
group_by(mi) %>%
summarise(Mean = mean(bmi),
Median = median(bmi),
Quartile_1 = quantile(bmi, 0.25),
Quartile_2 = quantile(bmi, 0.5),
Quartile_3 = quantile(bmi, 0.75),
Quantile_95 = quantile(bmi, 0.95)) %>%
kbl() %>%
kable_paper()| mi | Mean | Median | Quartile_1 | Quartile_2 | Quartile_3 | Quantile_95 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 26.08294 | 25.99897 | 23.79433 | 25.99897 | 28.18288 | 31.76698 |
| Yes | 26.76839 | 26.54083 | 24.69112 | 26.54083 | 28.64899 | 32.40204 |
Zuletzt aktualisiert am